第1讲句子成分

英语的句子成分主要有六种：即主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。（可以熟记为：主谓宾，定状补）

除了这六种主要成分之外，还有“表语”和“同位语”的说法。但表语和系动词一起作谓语，因此划分成分时，划分在谓语上。同位语分为主语同位语和宾语同位语，属于主语或宾语的一部分。

考点1.划分句子成分时的常用符号

英语中划句子成分的符号

主语在下面划一直线

谓语在下面划曲线

宾语在下面划双横线

定语在下面划虚线（一行点使我们想到一

排钉子，“钉”谐音为“定语” 的“定”）状语下面为短横线（短横线使我们想到短

木桩，木桩撞（状）钟）

补语上一短横，下一短横（下一短横好像是

为了弥补上面短横间的空隙）同位语上下双曲线，（虽都有曲折，上下位置

基本相同

考点2.主语

主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首，通常由名词性的词来充当。

可以作主语的词性或语法结构：

1.名词

2.代词

3.数词

4.名词化的形容词（如the rich）

5.不定式

6.动名词

7.主语从句等表示。

练习1.在下面句子的主语下面划横线，并说出由什么充当

1.During the 1990s, American country music has

become more and more popular.

2.We often speak English in class.

3.One-third of the students in this class are girls.

4.To swim in the river is a great pleasure.

5.Smoking does harm to the health.

6.The rich should help the poor.

7.When we are going to have an English test has not

been decided.

8.It is necessary to master a foreign language.

9.That he isn?t at home is not true

练习2.改正下列句中的错误，并说明原因

1.He failed the exam is the reason why he dropped

out.

2.That why he was late for school was that his mother

was ill.

3.Beyond the mountains lie a small village.

4.Gone is the days when I had to go to school on foot.

5.Play basketball is my favorite sport.

6.Give up English is not an option.

考点3.谓语

谓语由动词充当，说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。谓语的构成如下：

1、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。如：

He practices running every morning.

He reads newspapers every day.

2、复合谓语：

（1）由情态动词或其他助动词加动词构成。如：You may keep the book for two weeks.

He has caugh t a bad cold.

My sister is crying over there.

I have been waiting for you all the time.

I would stay at home all day.

（2）由系动词加表语构成。系动词不能单独作谓语，要和表语一起作谓语。如：

We are students.

Your idea sounds great.

考点4.表语

表语多是形容词，用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态，它一般位于系动词（如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等）之后。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句表示。

练习3.划出下列句中的表语，并说明有什么充当。

1.Our teacher of English is an American.

2.Is it yours?

3.The weather has turned cold.

4.The speech is exciting.

5.Three times seven is twenty one.

6.His job is to teach English.

7.His hobby（爱好）is playing football.

8.The machine must be under repairs.

9.The truth is that he has never been abroad.

考点5.宾语